The Role of Digital Literacy as Essential Skill of 21st Century in Elementary School

Abstract

This study aims to describe the importance of digital literacy in elementary school learning as a 21st-century skill, which is essential to prepare students to face global challenges. The method used is a qualitative descriptive literature study based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data were obtained from the Scopus database with the keywords "Digital Literacy in Elementary School" and "21st Century Learning in Elementary School". Of the 489 articles found, after a rigorous selection process (2020–2025), 54 articles were obtained that met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the study synthesis show four main categories: (1) students' understanding of digital literacy is still low in the aspects of critical thinking and digital ethics; (2) teacher competency needs to be improved through training and technological support; (3) digital media integration (STEAM, e-comics, educational games) has proven effective; and (4) the digital divide and infrastructure are the main challenges to implementation. This study argues that digital literacy requires a 4-Pillar Collaborative Model between the government, schools, teachers, and parents to strengthen policies and ensure equitable access. Digital literacy in elementary schools should be viewed as a fundamental competency for developing a critical, creative, and character-driven generation.